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31.
The long-term trends in the occurrence frequency of pre-summer daytime and nocturnal extreme hourly rainfall(EXHR) during 1988-2018 in Hong Kong and their spatial distributions are examined and analyzed. Despite a significant increasing trend observed in the occurrence frequency of pre-summer EXHRs during the investigated period,the increase in daytime and nocturnal EXHRs show distinct spatial patterns. Nocturnal EXHRs show uniform increasing trends over the entire Hong Kong. However, the increa... 相似文献
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《热带气象学报(英文版)》2021,(1)
We set four sets of simulation experiments to explore the impacts of horizontal resolution(HR) and vertical resolution(VR) on the microphysical structure and boundary layer fluxes of tropical cyclone(TC) Hato(2017). The study shows that higher HR tends to strengthen TC. Increasing VR in the upper layers tends to weaken TC, while increasing VR in the lower layers tends to strengthen TC. Simulated amounts of all hydrometeors were larger with higher HR. Increasing VR at the upper level enhanced the mixing ratios of cloud ice and cloud snow,while increasing VR at the lower level elevated the mixing ratios of graupel and rainwater. HR has greater impact on the distributions of hydrometeors. Higher HR has a more complete ring structure of the eyewall and more concentrated hydrometeors along the cloud wall. Increasing VR at the lower level has little impact on the distribution of TC hydrometeors, while increasing VR at the upper level enhances the cloud thickness of the eyewall area.Surface latent heat flux(SLHF) is influenced greatly by resolution. Higher HR leads to larger water vapor fluxes and larger latent heat, which would result in a stronger TC. A large amount of false latent heat was generated when HR was too high, leading to an extremely strong TC, VR has a smaller impact on SLHF than HR. But increasing VR at the upper-level reduces the SLHF and weakens TC, and elevating VR at the lower-level increases the SLHF and strengthens TC. The changes in surface water vapor flux and SLHF were practically identical and the simulation results were improved when HR and VR were more coordinated. The friction velocity was greater with higher VR.Enhancing VR at the lower level increased the friction velocity, while increasing VR at the upper level reduced it. 相似文献
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利用中国冬季逐日平均气温均方差作为气温季节内变率指标,分析其变化特征并探讨引起季节内变率异常的环流背景。结果表明,中国冬季气温季节内变率总体呈减弱趋势,对气候增暖趋势响应明显,其年代际变化和东亚冬季风年代际转折时间相吻合。当气温季节内变率异常偏强时,冬季平均环流场上呈类似准正压结构,平流层极涡偏弱,对流层中高纬呈类似斯堪的纳维亚遥相关型分布,低层西伯利亚高压偏强,北大西洋涛动(NAO)为负位相;NAO同我国东部气温变率联系密切,进一步分析揭示出NAO是通过影响西伯利亚高压的高频变化来作用于气温季节内变率。最后,通过提取天气—次季节—季节不同时间尺度上的大气环流内部变率,发现在各个尺度上,气温季节内变率均受西伯利亚高压和东亚冷涡的调控作用;尤其在天气尺度上,阿留申低压频繁波动及上游欧洲脊的稳定少动与气温变率有密切联系,季节尺度上欧亚阻塞高压和鄂霍次克海阻塞高压异常对气温变率有显著影响。 相似文献
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长序列卫星辐射资料的缺乏一直是制约青藏高原(以下简称高原)辐射长期变化研究的重要原因之一。对国际上最新提供的1984—2017年ISCCP-FH(以下简称FH)长序列卫星辐射资料中的大气顶逸出长波辐射(OLR)、到达地面短波辐射(SWD)、地面向上长波辐射(LWU)、到达地面长波辐射(LWD)进行分析,评估了FH辐射资料在全天气条件下的青藏高原地区的适用性。结果表明:与观测相比,FH资料的4种辐射通量气候平均值误差均小于5%,其中OLR和SWD的偏差较小,LWU的偏差最大。FH资料能正确反映高原各辐射通量的冬季增强趋势,OLR和LWD在各季节的长期变化趋势均与观测一致,LWU则呈现虚假的减弱趋势。总体来说,在高原地区,FH资料的地面短波辐射通量比长波辐射通量适用性好。进一步对长波辐射偏差原因分析显示,气温偏差会增强LWD的气候态和长期趋势,而地温偏差对LWU的作用与之相反。辐射模型、云和水汽的差异导致最终FH资料中的LWD气候态和长期趋势较观测略偏弱,FH资料的计算方案在一定程度上修正了地温偏差造成的LWU偏弱。研究结果将为使用FH辐射资料提供参考依据。 相似文献
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THE NORTHWARD GROWTH OF THE NORTHEASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU IN LATE CENOZOIC: IMPLICATIONS FROM APATITE (U-Th)/He AGES OF LONGSHOU SHAN 
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下载免费PDF全文 Longshou Shan, located at the southern edge of the Alxa block, is one of the outermost peripheral mountains and the northeasternmost area of the northeastern Tibetan plateau. In recent years, through geochronology, thermochronology, magnetic stratigraphy and other methods, a large number of studies have been carried out on the initiation time of major faults, the exhumation history of mountains and the formation and evolution of basins in the northeastern Tibet Plateau, the question of whether and when the northeastward expansion of the northeastern Tibet Plateau has affected the southern part of the Alxa block has been raised. Therefore, the exhumation history of Longshou Shan provides significant insight on the uplift and expansion of the Tibetan plateau and their dynamic mechanism. The Longshou Shan, trending NWW, is the largest mountain range in the Hexi Corridor Basin, and its highest peak is more than 3 600m(with average elevation of 2800m), where the average elevation of Hexi Corridor is 1 600m, the relative height difference between them is nearly 2200m. This mountain is bounded by two parallel thrust faults: The North Longshou Shan Fault(NLSF)and the South Longshou Shan Fault(SLSF), both of them trends NWW and has high angle of inclination(45°~70°)but dips opposite to each other. The South Longshou Shan Fault, located in the northern margin of the Hexi Corridor Basin, is the most active fault on the northeastern plateau, and controls the uplift of Longshou Shan.Due to its lower closure temperature, the lower-temperature thermochronology method can more accurately constrain the cooling process of a geological body in the upper crust. In recent years, the low-temperature thermochronology method has been used more and more in the study of the erosion of orogenic belts, the evolution of sedimentary basins and tectonic geomorphology. In this study, the apatite (U-Th)/He(AHe) method is used to analyze the erosion and uplift of rocks on the south and north sides of Longshou Shan. 11 AHe samples collected from the south slope exhibit variable AHe ages between~8Ma and~200Ma, the age-elevation plot shows that before 13~17Ma, the erosion rate of the Longshou Shan is very low, and then rapid erosion occurs in the mountain range, which indicates that the strong uplift of Longshou Shan occurred at 13~17Ma BP, resulting in rapid cooling of the southern rocks. In contrast, 3 AHe ages obtained from the north slope are older and more concentrated ranging from 220Ma BP to 240Ma BP, indicating that the north slope can be seen as a paleo-isothermal surface and the activity of the north side is weak. The results of thermal history inverse modeling show that the South Longshou Shan Fault was in a tectonic quiet period until the cooling rate suddenly increased to 3.33℃/Ma at 14Ma BP, indicating that Longshou Shan had not experienced large tectonic events before~14Ma BP.
We believe that under the control of South Longshou Shan Fault, the mountain is characterized by a northward tilting uplift at Mid-Miocene. Our results on the initial deformation of the Longshou Shan, in combination with many published studies across the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, suggest that the compression strain of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau may expand from south to north, and the Tibetan plateau has expanded northeastward to the southern margin of the Alxa block as early as Mid-Miocene, making Longshou Shan the current structural and geomorphic boundary of the northeastern plateau. 相似文献
We believe that under the control of South Longshou Shan Fault, the mountain is characterized by a northward tilting uplift at Mid-Miocene. Our results on the initial deformation of the Longshou Shan, in combination with many published studies across the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, suggest that the compression strain of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau may expand from south to north, and the Tibetan plateau has expanded northeastward to the southern margin of the Alxa block as early as Mid-Miocene, making Longshou Shan the current structural and geomorphic boundary of the northeastern plateau. 相似文献
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The San Jorge porphyry copper deposit in Mendoza, Argentina in some parts contains breccia pipes that are strongly enriched with tourmaline of the dravite–schorl solid solution series with some quartz, muscovite, orthoclase, kaolinite, Cu sulfides and arsenopyrite. The overall composition of tourmaline is rather homogeneous with an intracrystalline variation of the Fe/Mg ratio reflected by its texture, its core-rim zonation of tourmaline and by the statistical variation of the Fe/Mg ratio. The depth-related intracrystalline changes are best interpreted as a hydrothermal collapse breccia which formed as a result of the reaction of primary hydrothermal B–Fe-enriched fluids with the country rocks enriched in Mg. The chemical composition attests to only small-scale interaction of tourmaline with silicate fragments within the tourmaline breccia itself. Tourmaline as one of the ultrastable heavy minerals in stream sediment offers a potential tool to discriminate between Cu-bearing and barren breccia pipes, using the Fe/Mg ratio of the boron silicate for distinction. Fertile breccias reveal a significantly better correlation between Fe and Mg than barren tourmaline breccias. 相似文献
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青藏高原向北东方向扩展的方式及最新扩展边界的位置,是目前青藏高原东北缘构造变形研究的热点。基于近年来对阿拉善地块南缘及邻区活动构造运动特征调查和定量研究结果,重点总结了阿拉善地块南缘活动断裂几何图像及运动特征,指出以前普遍认为的稳定阿拉善地块内部在新生代晚期发育了一系列规模不等、运动性质各异的活动断裂,这些活动断裂是青藏高原向外扩展过程中新生或先存断裂复活的结果,断裂对区域地貌的控制作用形成了阿拉善地块南缘的地貌和构造边界。综合新生代变形、构造地貌、低温年代学、大地测量与现代地震活动等资料和研究结果,认为青藏高原东北缘新生代中晚期以来发生了有序的向外扩展,形成了两个有重要意义的扩展边界:一是在10 Ma左右形成的以祁连山北缘断裂为主要边界控制构造的、完整清晰的青藏高原东北缘地貌及构造边界;二是在新生代晚期3~2 Ma形成的阿拉善地块南缘与祁连山北缘断裂近平行展布的、主要由逆冲断裂所组成的青藏高原扩展最新边界。在现今构造、地貌格局中,阿拉善地块南缘已成为青藏高原东北缘最新的组成部分。 相似文献
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磁性矿物的早期成岩作用是沉积物埋藏后的重要过程,辨别早期成岩作用,才能更好地解释地层的矿物磁性变化。本研究对珠江三角洲顺德平原全新世钻孔MZ孔进行沉积相和室温磁性分析,并辅以热磁分析鉴定磁性矿物,以探讨钻孔不同深度和沉积相的早期成岩作用阶段。结果表明,MZ孔全新世地层自下而上包括感潮河道、河口湾和三角洲相。室温磁性特征与沉积相缺乏明显关联,表现出强烈的早期成岩作用。此外,全新世晚期岩芯磁性特征还受人类活动影响。该孔早期成岩作用以磁性矿物溶解和形成自生黄铁矿为主。在三角洲前缘相的上部和河口湾相底部保存了硫复铁矿。根据矿物组合推测以4.51～4.56 m和30.4～30.5 m两个深度为代表的硫复铁矿形成机制不同,即三角洲前缘相中硫复铁矿可能形成于早期成岩作用的硫酸盐还原阶段,而河口湾相的硫复铁矿形成于甲烷厌氧氧化阶段,后者的含量随着深度增加逐渐增多。上述现象说明,沉积环境可以通过影响有机质和硫酸根离子的供应量,决定磁性矿物所达到的早期成岩作用阶段。 相似文献
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